Shaded Pole Motor: An Overview of Operation and Applications

Among the various types of electric motors, the shaded pole motor stands out as a simple and cost-effective option. It is widely used in various applications that require low power output and continuous operation. This article provides an overview of shaded pole motors, explaining their operating principle, construction, advantages, and common applications.

The shaded pole motor operates based on the principle of a rotating magnetic field. It consists of a stator and a rotor. The stator, which is the stationary part, has salient poles with single-phase winding. A portion of each pole is covered or shaded by a copper or aluminum strap, hence the name "shaded pole." When an alternating current (AC) is supplied to the stator winding, the shaded portion creates a time lag in the magnetic field compared to the unshaded portion. This time lag generates a rotating magnetic field that induces currents in the rotor, causing it to start rotating.

Shaded pole motors are relatively simple to construct, making them cost-effective and reliable. The stator typically consists of a laminated core made of steel, with slots to accommodate the winding. The winding is made of copper or aluminum wire and is usually placed on the stator poles. The rotor is a squirrel cage type, consisting of laminated iron cores and conductive bars or short-circuited end rings. The rotor is placed inside the stator, allowing the magnetic field generated by the stator winding to interact with the rotor and induce rotation.

Shaded pole motors find applications in various industries and devices that require low power output and continuous operation. Some common applications include:

Shaded pole motors are widely used in household appliances such as refrigerators, air conditioners, fans, and exhaust hoods. They provide reliable and quiet operation for applications that require low to moderate torque.

Shaded pole motors are found in commercial equipment like vending machines, pumps, blowers, and small HVAC systems. Their compact size and low power consumption make them suitable for such applications.

Shaded pole motors are commonly used in ventilation systems, including range hoods, bathroom fans, and attic fans. Their low noise level and continuous operation make them ideal for maintaining air circulation and reducing humidity.